GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS:
Adhesive: A substance that is capable of bonding material together by surface attachment.
Allen Head: A screw head with a recess that requires a hexagon shaped key, it is mainly used on machinery.
Arbor: A shaft driven by the tool's motor that turns blades or other cutting tools.
Auger: A tool for boring holes in wood. An auger has a long pointed shank with a cutting edge, a screw point and a handle fixed with right angles to the top of the shank.
Anneal: To soften metals by heating.
Anvil: A large cast iron tool for heavy hammering.
Ballpeen hammer: An engineer's hammer actually similar to a blocking hammer but shorter.
Beck: The pointed end of the anvil.
Beck Iron: A stake with a pointy end.
Bench Grinder: A motor powering one or two grinding wheels used for sharpening tools or shaping metal objects.
Bevel Cut: An angled cut through a board.
Biscuit Joint: A butt joint that is reinforced with a football shaped biscuit. The biscuits are made from compressed pieces of wood usually birch. When a biscuit comes into contact with glue in the joint, it swells creating a tighter joint.
Box Joint: A corner joint made up of interlocking 'fingers'.
Brad Point Bit: Similar to a twist drill but with a flat bottom and sharp point.
Brace and Bit: A hand drill with a crank shaped handle. It has a flat knob on the end. Special auger bits with a square tapered shank fit into a two jaw chuck.
Braze: To join metal with brass.
Brooch: A small tapered, faceted tool for enlarging a hole.
Butt Joint: A wood working joint where the edges of two boards are placed against each other.
Burr: A raised ridge of metal used on a scraper to remove wood.
Caliper: An instrument with two legs, one of them sliding. It is used to measure the thickness of objects.
Carbide-Tipped: Extremely hard steel pieces with sharp cutting edges fastened to cutting tools such as saw blades and router bits.
Case-Hardening: A defect in the lumber caused by improper drying. Case-hardening is caused when a board is dried too fast. The outer layers in a case-hardened board are compressed while the inner layers are in tension.
Chamfer: A beveled cut along the edge of a piece of furniture, usually at 45 degrees.
Chenier: A small tubing used to make a hinge.
Chisel: A wood chisel is used for cleanly paring out small bits of stock.
Chuck: An attachment to hold work or a tool in a machine such as a lathe or a drill.
Circular Saw: Hand held power tool used for ripping and cross-cutting hardwoods, softwoods and non-wood materials.
Claw Hammer: The most basic tool in woodworking, used for driving and removing nails out of stock.
Collet: In a router the sleeve that grips the shank of a bit.
Collet hammer: Similar to a raising hammer but with curved ends.
Combination Square: A square that measures both 90 and 45 degree angle.
Compass: An instrument for drawing circles, consisting of two legs joined at a pivot hinge.
Concave: An inward-curving shape (i.e. a spoon).
Convex: An outward-curving shape (i.e. a baloon).
Countersink:: A tool that allows to drill a hole so that the head of a screw will sit flush with the face of the board.
Cross cut: A cut made perpendicular to the grain of a board.
Deciduous: Trees that shed their foliage annually, commonly referred as hardwoods.
Dove Tail: A joint where the fingers are shaped like a dove tail. It is used to join pieces
at 90 degrees.
Dowel: A wood pin used to align and hold two adjoining pieces.
Draw: To make a wire thinner or to make a wire longer by hammering.
Drill: Hand held power tool for drilling holes or attaching screws.
Ear Muffs: A form of hearing protection where a large headphone like device covers the ears to keep out loud noises.
Epoxy Glue: A two parts glue that practically glue anything to anything, including metal to metal.
Filler: A substance used to fill pores and irregularities on the surface of a material. It is used to decrease porosity before applying a finishing coat.
Feather Board: Pieces of wood with fingers used to hold material against the table on power tools such as a table saw.
Flux: A substance used during soldering to exclude oxygen.
Forge: To hammer out hot, also the equipment upon which this is carried out.
Forstner Bit: A bit that has a centre spur and circular rim with cutting teeth that cut clean and flat bottomed holes.
Fret Saw: A saw with a very fine toothed blade used for delicate cuts in thin material.
Gouge: A chisel like tool with a curved cutting edge.
Grain: The appearance, size and direction of the alignment of the fibres of the wood.
Grit: The grade of particles in sandpaper or sharpening stones which determines the aggressiveness of the cut.
Guillotine: A machine for cutting.
Hand Plane: A tool to smooth and true wood surfaces consisting of a blade fastened in frame at an angle with hand grips to slide
the board.
Hard Board: A manufactured board similar to particle board but with a much smoother surface.
Hardwood: Lumber from the group of tree with broad leaves. This has no reference to the actual hardness of the wood.
Hinge: A mechanical device that connects two solid objects allowing rotation between them.
Hardy Hole: Squared hole into which a head may be socketed.
Head: A samll stake which sockets into a horse.
Horse: A device for holding a head.
Jig: A device used to hold work or act as a guide in manufacturing or industry.
Jig Saw: A power tool that cuts by moving a blade up and down as it is guided through the cut.
Joiner: A machine to true the edges of boards usually in preparation for gluing.
Joint: The hinge of a box or brooch pin.
Joint file: A small rectangular section file having the cut on its edges.
Jump: To thicken the end of a rod or bar.
Kiln: A heated chamber for drying lumber where the air flow, heat and relative humidity can be controlled.
Knot: The portion of a branch or limb that is embedded in the wood.
Laminate: A thin plastic material used to cover a board. The most common use of laminate is for counter and table tops. It is often referred to by the brand name Formica.
Level; A level is used to determine whether an object is level ( perfectly horizontal) or plumb ( perfectly vertical). There are many types of levels but only full length and torpedo levels are used in woodworking.
Linseed Oil: An amber coloured , fatty oil extracted from the cotyledon and inner coats of the linseed.
Lumber: Logs which have been sawn, planed and cut to length.
Lumber-Core Plywood: Plywood where thin sheets of veneer are glued to a core of narrow boards. Lumber-core plywood differs from regular plywood in that the latter is made up of successive layers of alternating grain veneer.
Push Stick: A tool used to safely push a board through a table saw or other power tools.
Machine chuck: A device for holding tools i.e. twist drills etc.
Mandrell: A much larger steel tapered tool.
Medium Density Fibre Board (MDF): A special type of tempered hardboard characterized by a very fine and smooth finish.
Mitre: A mitre is a type of joint where the two parts to be joined are cut at an angle and typically the finished joint forms a 90 degrees angle.
Mitre Gauge: A tool that slides in a slot on a power tool such as a table saw, router table or bandsaw. A mitre gauge can be adjusted to angles and is used to slide the stock past the table.
Mortise: A rectangular hole cut into a piece of wood to accept a tenon.
Mortise and Tenon: A method of joinery where a pin (tenon) cut from the edge of a piece of stock is glued into a slot (mortise).
Particle Board: A type of manufactured plywood that is made from ground up and glued scrap wood. Particle board is very dense, heavy and flat.
Pewter: An alloy composed of tin and small amounts of other metals such as lead, copper, bismuth or zinc. From 1725 to 1825, pewter was the most commonly used metal in America.
Phillips Head: A type of screw head requiring a driver in the shape of a cross.
Planishing hammer: Small Flat faced hammer.
Pickle: To clean metal in acid.
Pierce: To saw out with a fine saw.
Pin Chuck: A device for holding a small part.
Pitch: The number of teeth on a saw blade per inch.
Plumb: A term used to describe something that is perfectly perpendicular to the earth relative to gravity.
Plywood: A glued wood panel usually 4' by 8' made up of thin layers of wood laid at right angles to each other.
Pritchett: Small hole for piercing.
Pumice: A fine abrasive powder that is made from volcanic ash. Pumice is used with a felt block in wood working to rub or polish a finish. On metal it is used as a cleaning agent mixed with a little water to rub the metal surface.
Anvil: A large cast iron tool for heavy hammering.
Ballpeen hammer: An engineer's hammer actually similar to a blocking hammer but shorter.
Beck: The pointed end of the anvil.
Beck Iron: A stake with a pointy end.
Bench Grinder: A motor powering one or two grinding wheels used for sharpening tools or shaping metal objects.
Bevel Cut: An angled cut through a board.
Biscuit Joint: A butt joint that is reinforced with a football shaped biscuit. The biscuits are made from compressed pieces of wood usually birch. When a biscuit comes into contact with glue in the joint, it swells creating a tighter joint.
Box Joint: A corner joint made up of interlocking 'fingers'.
Brad Point Bit: Similar to a twist drill but with a flat bottom and sharp point.
Brace and Bit: A hand drill with a crank shaped handle. It has a flat knob on the end. Special auger bits with a square tapered shank fit into a two jaw chuck.
Braze: To join metal with brass.
Brooch: A small tapered, faceted tool for enlarging a hole.
Butt Joint: A wood working joint where the edges of two boards are placed against each other.
Burr: A raised ridge of metal used on a scraper to remove wood.
Caliper: An instrument with two legs, one of them sliding. It is used to measure the thickness of objects.
Carbide-Tipped: Extremely hard steel pieces with sharp cutting edges fastened to cutting tools such as saw blades and router bits.
Case-Hardening: A defect in the lumber caused by improper drying. Case-hardening is caused when a board is dried too fast. The outer layers in a case-hardened board are compressed while the inner layers are in tension.
Chamfer: A beveled cut along the edge of a piece of furniture, usually at 45 degrees.
Chenier: A small tubing used to make a hinge.
Chisel: A wood chisel is used for cleanly paring out small bits of stock.
Chuck: An attachment to hold work or a tool in a machine such as a lathe or a drill.
Circular Saw: Hand held power tool used for ripping and cross-cutting hardwoods, softwoods and non-wood materials.
Claw Hammer: The most basic tool in woodworking, used for driving and removing nails out of stock.
Collet: In a router the sleeve that grips the shank of a bit.
Collet hammer: Similar to a raising hammer but with curved ends.
Combination Square: A square that measures both 90 and 45 degree angle.
Compass: An instrument for drawing circles, consisting of two legs joined at a pivot hinge.
Concave: An inward-curving shape (i.e. a spoon).
Convex: An outward-curving shape (i.e. a baloon).
Countersink:: A tool that allows to drill a hole so that the head of a screw will sit flush with the face of the board.
Cross cut: A cut made perpendicular to the grain of a board.
Deciduous: Trees that shed their foliage annually, commonly referred as hardwoods.
Dove Tail: A joint where the fingers are shaped like a dove tail. It is used to join pieces
at 90 degrees.
Dowel: A wood pin used to align and hold two adjoining pieces.
Draw: To make a wire thinner or to make a wire longer by hammering.
Drill: Hand held power tool for drilling holes or attaching screws.
Ear Muffs: A form of hearing protection where a large headphone like device covers the ears to keep out loud noises.
Epoxy Glue: A two parts glue that practically glue anything to anything, including metal to metal.
Filler: A substance used to fill pores and irregularities on the surface of a material. It is used to decrease porosity before applying a finishing coat.
Feather Board: Pieces of wood with fingers used to hold material against the table on power tools such as a table saw.
Flux: A substance used during soldering to exclude oxygen.
Forge: To hammer out hot, also the equipment upon which this is carried out.
Forstner Bit: A bit that has a centre spur and circular rim with cutting teeth that cut clean and flat bottomed holes.
Fret Saw: A saw with a very fine toothed blade used for delicate cuts in thin material.
Gouge: A chisel like tool with a curved cutting edge.
Grain: The appearance, size and direction of the alignment of the fibres of the wood.
Grit: The grade of particles in sandpaper or sharpening stones which determines the aggressiveness of the cut.
Guillotine: A machine for cutting.
Hand Plane: A tool to smooth and true wood surfaces consisting of a blade fastened in frame at an angle with hand grips to slide
the board.
Hard Board: A manufactured board similar to particle board but with a much smoother surface.
Hardwood: Lumber from the group of tree with broad leaves. This has no reference to the actual hardness of the wood.
Hinge: A mechanical device that connects two solid objects allowing rotation between them.
Hardy Hole: Squared hole into which a head may be socketed.
Head: A samll stake which sockets into a horse.
Horse: A device for holding a head.
Jig: A device used to hold work or act as a guide in manufacturing or industry.
Jig Saw: A power tool that cuts by moving a blade up and down as it is guided through the cut.
Joiner: A machine to true the edges of boards usually in preparation for gluing.
Joint: The hinge of a box or brooch pin.
Joint file: A small rectangular section file having the cut on its edges.
Jump: To thicken the end of a rod or bar.
Kiln: A heated chamber for drying lumber where the air flow, heat and relative humidity can be controlled.
Knot: The portion of a branch or limb that is embedded in the wood.
Laminate: A thin plastic material used to cover a board. The most common use of laminate is for counter and table tops. It is often referred to by the brand name Formica.
Level; A level is used to determine whether an object is level ( perfectly horizontal) or plumb ( perfectly vertical). There are many types of levels but only full length and torpedo levels are used in woodworking.
Linseed Oil: An amber coloured , fatty oil extracted from the cotyledon and inner coats of the linseed.
Lumber: Logs which have been sawn, planed and cut to length.
Lumber-Core Plywood: Plywood where thin sheets of veneer are glued to a core of narrow boards. Lumber-core plywood differs from regular plywood in that the latter is made up of successive layers of alternating grain veneer.
Push Stick: A tool used to safely push a board through a table saw or other power tools.
Machine chuck: A device for holding tools i.e. twist drills etc.
Mandrell: A much larger steel tapered tool.
Medium Density Fibre Board (MDF): A special type of tempered hardboard characterized by a very fine and smooth finish.
Mitre: A mitre is a type of joint where the two parts to be joined are cut at an angle and typically the finished joint forms a 90 degrees angle.
Mitre Gauge: A tool that slides in a slot on a power tool such as a table saw, router table or bandsaw. A mitre gauge can be adjusted to angles and is used to slide the stock past the table.
Mortise: A rectangular hole cut into a piece of wood to accept a tenon.
Mortise and Tenon: A method of joinery where a pin (tenon) cut from the edge of a piece of stock is glued into a slot (mortise).
Particle Board: A type of manufactured plywood that is made from ground up and glued scrap wood. Particle board is very dense, heavy and flat.
Pewter: An alloy composed of tin and small amounts of other metals such as lead, copper, bismuth or zinc. From 1725 to 1825, pewter was the most commonly used metal in America.
Phillips Head: A type of screw head requiring a driver in the shape of a cross.
Planishing hammer: Small Flat faced hammer.
Pickle: To clean metal in acid.
Pierce: To saw out with a fine saw.
Pin Chuck: A device for holding a small part.
Pitch: The number of teeth on a saw blade per inch.
Plumb: A term used to describe something that is perfectly perpendicular to the earth relative to gravity.
Plywood: A glued wood panel usually 4' by 8' made up of thin layers of wood laid at right angles to each other.
Pritchett: Small hole for piercing.
Pumice: A fine abrasive powder that is made from volcanic ash. Pumice is used with a felt block in wood working to rub or polish a finish. On metal it is used as a cleaning agent mixed with a little water to rub the metal surface.
Raise: To produce a hollow form by hammering the metal outside.
Raising hammer: Hammer with rectangular flattish ends.
Rasp: A long and flat steel tool with raised teeth for shaping wood . Some rasp are rounded on one side.
Router: A High speed motor with handles and an adjustable base with a collet that accepts profile bits to cut varied shapes.
Sage: Of the same section as a sage leaf.
Sanding Block: Used for hand sanding, a sheet of sandpaper is wrapped and glued to a block of wood. This tool allows sanding with the grain.
Sandpaper: Abrasive paper used for smoothing and shaping wood. It comes in variety of types and abrasive levels called grits.
Sapwood: The wood lightly coloured on the outside of a log. Sapwood is more susceptible to rot.
Saw Horse: A trestle usually used in pairs to hold wood for cutting.
Seam: A joint of solder.
Setting hammer: Large flat faced hammer.
Shellac: Resin flakes dissolved in alcohol used a s a finish for wood.
Snarling Iron: A very thin stake which will vibrate when struck, thus acting as a hammer.
Snips: Shears for cutting.
Softwood: Wood manufactured from trees with needles or scale like leaves. It has no reference to the actual hardness of the wood.
Solder: To join metals by heating and introducing an alloy of silver.
Square: An instrument used to lay out or test right angles with two arms at 90 degrees to each other. The larger and wider arm is the blade. the shorter is the tongue.
Stake: A cast iron tool for hammering upon.
Table: The small flat part just behind the beck.
Table Saw: A circular saw mounted under a table with height and angle adjustable for the table.
Taper Cut: A cut where the width decreases from one end to the other. These are usually done on a table saw.
Template: A pattern to guide the marking or cutting of a shape. A router is often used with a piloted bit.
Tenon: A projection made by cutting away the wood around it to insert into a mortise to make a joint.
Thickness Planer: A power-fed rotary planer that trues the surface of a board to a certain thickness.
Tongue and groove: A joinery method where a board has a protruding tongue on one edge and a groove on the other.
Torx Head: A screw head requiring a driver in the shape of a star.
Triblett: A small steel tapered tool.
Tup: The end of a hammer.
Tuyere: Pipe that delivers the blast of air into the forge.
Varnish: A liquid preparation that dries to a hard lustrous coating.
Veneer: A thin layer of expensive wood bonded to a thicker piece of cheaper plywood to give the appearance of the expensive wood but at a reduced price.
Warp: To bend, twist to the pull of the grain in the wood.
Raising hammer: Hammer with rectangular flattish ends.
Rasp: A long and flat steel tool with raised teeth for shaping wood . Some rasp are rounded on one side.
Router: A High speed motor with handles and an adjustable base with a collet that accepts profile bits to cut varied shapes.
Sage: Of the same section as a sage leaf.
Sanding Block: Used for hand sanding, a sheet of sandpaper is wrapped and glued to a block of wood. This tool allows sanding with the grain.
Sandpaper: Abrasive paper used for smoothing and shaping wood. It comes in variety of types and abrasive levels called grits.
Sapwood: The wood lightly coloured on the outside of a log. Sapwood is more susceptible to rot.
Saw Horse: A trestle usually used in pairs to hold wood for cutting.
Seam: A joint of solder.
Setting hammer: Large flat faced hammer.
Shellac: Resin flakes dissolved in alcohol used a s a finish for wood.
Snarling Iron: A very thin stake which will vibrate when struck, thus acting as a hammer.
Snips: Shears for cutting.
Softwood: Wood manufactured from trees with needles or scale like leaves. It has no reference to the actual hardness of the wood.
Solder: To join metals by heating and introducing an alloy of silver.
Square: An instrument used to lay out or test right angles with two arms at 90 degrees to each other. The larger and wider arm is the blade. the shorter is the tongue.
Stake: A cast iron tool for hammering upon.
Table: The small flat part just behind the beck.
Table Saw: A circular saw mounted under a table with height and angle adjustable for the table.
Taper Cut: A cut where the width decreases from one end to the other. These are usually done on a table saw.
Template: A pattern to guide the marking or cutting of a shape. A router is often used with a piloted bit.
Tenon: A projection made by cutting away the wood around it to insert into a mortise to make a joint.
Thickness Planer: A power-fed rotary planer that trues the surface of a board to a certain thickness.
Tongue and groove: A joinery method where a board has a protruding tongue on one edge and a groove on the other.
Torx Head: A screw head requiring a driver in the shape of a star.
Triblett: A small steel tapered tool.
Tup: The end of a hammer.
Tuyere: Pipe that delivers the blast of air into the forge.
Varnish: A liquid preparation that dries to a hard lustrous coating.
Veneer: A thin layer of expensive wood bonded to a thicker piece of cheaper plywood to give the appearance of the expensive wood but at a reduced price.
Warp: To bend, twist to the pull of the grain in the wood.
Weld: To join metals with the same metal.
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