The properties of metals are:
Malleability: can be hammered and pressed into shape.
Ductibility: can be drawn into fine wire.
Hardness: resists being scratched or cut.
Elasticity: regains its shape after being deformed.
Conductivity: ability to conduct heta or electricity.
COPPER:
Properties: Extremely ductile and malleable when either hot or cold. Good conductor of heat and electricity. Solders easily.
A warm reddish-pink metal that tarnishes and oxidizes very quickly. Copper is attractive for its colour, softness and easy working characteristics. Its very softness however is also one of its disadvantages because it is easily damaged during storage or in the course of working. Copper acquires a soft finish after polishing. It is not suitable for casting.
It should be annealed by heating to a dull red colour and then quenched in cold water.
Copper can be bought as tube, sheet, rod, wire, flat bar hexagon, flat bar square.
Copper can be bought as Hard, Half Hard or Annealed.
When exposed to moist air, copper forms poisonous acetates, sulphates and chlorides known as verdigris.
Copper cookware and serving piece should be plated woith a non-corrosive metal such as tin or washed before each use.
Copper is available in more than 100 alloys (e.g. shibi-ichi 75% copper 25% silver melting point: 1775 degrees F/ 968 degrees C)
Melting point: 1083 degrees C/ 1981 degrees F.
Uses: Water pipes, electrical wiring, decorative articles.
Copper pots. 
Copper box
Hans Stofer, IronBrew 2005
BRASS:
Properties: Solders easily and polishes well.
is yellow metal that appears a pale straw yellow colour when polished. Brass is an alloy of copper and Zinc making Brass harder than either of its components. Brass is malleable, machineable and resists corrosion.
is harder than coppe and casts well.
can be purchased in hard, half hard and dead soft tempers. It can be bought as sheet, round and square rod, extruded molding, hexagonal bar and round wire.
Alpha brasses contain more than 62% copper and are used to make screws, pins and bolts.
Brass is 60% copper, 40% zinc. It is a metal that lends itself well to turning , spinning or machining and is quite unsuitable for high temperature silver-soldering because it tends to collapse suddenly. It is not suitable for raising, sinking becuase of its hardness. Brass should not be used for box making using silver solders as flat sheets of brass tend to warp easily when heated with a gas torch.
Melting point:1015 degrees C / 1750 degrees F.
Uses: Screws, hinges, water fittings and electrical parts.
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Brass wire
Brass hinge
GILDING METAL:
is a warm golden yellow metal that acquires a soft pink colour after polishing.
is malleable and less prone to oxidation than copper. Similarly to Brass, Gilding metal is a combination of Copper and Zinc but in different percentage: 90% Copper to 10%Zinc.
has qualities both found in Brass and Copper. It possesses the hardness of Brass when it has been work hardened and the softness of Copper when it has been annealed. Unlike Brass it is stable under heat and does not collapse or warp severely.
Melting Point: above 1000 degrees C.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilding_metal
Hiroshi Suzuki, Seductions( Rose Bowl-2)
Bullet shell.
NICKEL:
is a pale silvery metal.
is far less malleable than copper, gilding metal and brass.
Its use was once prominent in the Jewellery industry where all the models of jewellery pieces were first made in Nickel and later realsed in precious metals.
is good for making brooch pins and for other uses where rigidity and springiness are required.
polishes well and resists oxidation.
can cause allergic reactions to some if worn against the skin.
can also withstand very low temperatures.
is rarely found in the earth in its pure form.
mixes well with other metals to make many useful alloys.
is malleable and ductile (can be beaten and drawn out into a wire)
is rust-resistant
is magnetic, although not as strongly as iron.
Nickel's name comes from the Saxon term 'Kupfernickel' or Devils' Copper, as the 15th century miners thought the ore looked red-brown like copper, and that it was too difficult to mine, and was poisoning them (actually it was arsenic doing this!). Its symbol is Ni.
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More than 80% of nickel is used to make alloys, as nickel adds toughness, strength, rust resistance and various other electrical, magnetic and heat resistant properties. At least 3000 nickel alloys have been created, including stainless steel. These alloys are used for many purposes such as in construction, the chemical industry, cars (crank-shafts and axles), household products (kitchen sinks, cooking utensils, washing machines etc), propeller shafts, scientific and surgical equipment, pipelines and aircraft engines.
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Nickel-cadmium rechargeable batteries, used to power mobile phones, radios, clocks and calculators.
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Nickel was first used for coinage in Belgium in 1860, and has been widely used since then. Australian $1 and $2 coins contain 2% nickel (with 92% copper and 6% aluminium), and our 5c, 10c, 20c and 50c coins contain 25% nickel (with 75% copper).
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To electroplate steel or brass articles - such as office furniture, bathroom fittings and motor cycles - giving them a hard, shiny surface which resists tarnishing (usually then covered with a thin chromium topcoat).
Production of soaps and margarine (by assisting in converting natural oils to solids). In some jewellery. Artificial hips and knees. Kidney dialysis. Electrical contacts and components. |
Melting Point: 1455 degrees C/ 2651 Degrees F.
Nickel.
Nickel Couch. Johnny Swing.
Nickel Metal Hydride Battery.
ALUMINIUM:
is an element.
Properties: Malleable, ductile, lightweight and a good conductor. It casts well but is difficult to solder and weld because oxides form rapidly upon its surface.
is a dull greyish- white metal.
is extremely malleable.
is excellent for stamping and forming.
cannot be soldered with hard solders but is suitable for cold fixing method such as riveting.
can be welded with a Tig welder.
can be coloured brightly with dyes. This process is called anodizing.
is the most common metallic element found in the earth’s crust. It is easily formed & machined, it is a superb conductor of electricity, & it can be used in many decorative applications by making use of its high reflectivity.
As a metal it is non toxic, non magnetic and non sparking. Aluminium also has a density of approximately 1/3rd the weight of steel, making it a very light material. Because of this fact, it is widely used in the aerospace industry and other areas where the weight factor is a key design consideration.
Aluminium and the majority of its alloys are highly resistant to most forms of corrosion, and if left untreated the metals natural coating of aluminium oxide provides very effective protection.
Aluminium's natural colour is silver/white, but it can be dyed to virtually any colour by anodizing, which also gives it an additional protective film.
The strength of the aluminium depends upon the purity. 99.996% pure aluminium has a low tensile strength, but by alloying it with other elements, & given suitable heat treatment the tensile strength can reach figures of around.
As a metal it is non toxic, non magnetic and non sparking. Aluminium also has a density of approximately 1/3rd the weight of steel, making it a very light material. Because of this fact, it is widely used in the aerospace industry and other areas where the weight factor is a key design consideration.
Aluminium and the majority of its alloys are highly resistant to most forms of corrosion, and if left untreated the metals natural coating of aluminium oxide provides very effective protection.
Aluminium's natural colour is silver/white, but it can be dyed to virtually any colour by anodizing, which also gives it an additional protective film.
The strength of the aluminium depends upon the purity. 99.996% pure aluminium has a low tensile strength, but by alloying it with other elements, & given suitable heat treatment the tensile strength can reach figures of around.
Uses: Aircraft industry, aluminium foil, cooking utensils and road signs.
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Aluminium looksheet.
Aluminium tubes.
Aluminium foils.
Aluminium Espresso set.
LEAD:
is an element.
Properties: Very soft and very heavy. Resists corrosion by water and acid.
is a bluish-white metal.
tarnishes to a dull grey colour when exposed to air.
becomes shiny, silvery and chrome like when melted.
is a soft, malleable and very heavy metal.
has poor electrical conductivity.
is highly resistant to corrosion.
is poisonous.
will burn holes in the surface of precious metals if both metals are heated.
should be melted only in well ventilated area.
Always wash your hands after working with lead.
Uses: Batteries, roofing and gutters.
Lead
Lead
Lead Dutch Boy paperweight
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David Clarke
One day my plinth will come
Lead sheet and Silver plate elements. 2008ZINC:
is an element.
has a blue-white colour. It is a moderately reactive metal that tranishes in moist air and burns in air with a bright bluish-green flame, giving off fumes of zinx oxide.
Properties: Resistant to atmospheric corrosion. Malleable from 100 degrees C to 210 degrees C, above these temperatures it becomes brittle and will be pulverized by beating. Non magnetic.
Uses: Protective coating on mild steel (galvanising). Used with other metals to form alloys, batteries.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc
Zinc rooled sheets.
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Zinc pipes.
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TIN:
is an element.
is silvery in colour.
Properties: Extremely malleable and ductile. Resists corrosion.
Uses: Coating for mild steel (tinplate), the canning industry.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin
Square tin can.
Tin robot.
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